Building Metals: Guide to Choosing the Right Materials for Resilient Structures

Metals are one of the best materials for complex or high-load structures; they enable more innovative design, lower costs, and faster construction times. But there are numerous metals to choose from. In this article, we’ll take a look at the key metals used and why they’re preferred by engineers and architects.

The Core Materials Used in Modern Construction

There are a few key metals commonly used in construction, these include:

• Mild steel – structural steel, bracketry, lintels
• Stainless steel – bathroom and kitchen fittings, external structures and brackets
• Aluminum – panels, window frames, cladding
• Brass and copper – architectural fittings, roof detailing
• Lead – roof flashings/sealing strips

Strength, Weight, and Durability: How Different Building Metals Perform

Utilizing metals in the correct way and for the correct application requires an understanding of the differing mechanical and physical properties. Deciding which characteristic is most important is the first step to deciding on a material.

• Strength – If utmost strength is desired, a high alloy steel is often best at the cost of weight
• Lightness – In applications where lightness is crucial, such as in aerospace or motorsport, a high-strength aluminum alloy may offer a good combination of strength to weight
• Durability – In harsh environments, and where a part is likely to encounter knocks, scrapes, and impacts, a material needs to be strong, tough, and retain the ability to resist corrosion. Stainless steel ticks all of these boxes, especially in cases where paint or other surface coatings would be damaged on steel parts

Corrosion Resistance and Environmental Factors to Consider When Selecting Metals

Corrosion is one of the biggest issues facing engineers when designing and maintaining structures that are exposed to the elements. Mild steel will corrode readily if left uncoated, even in a non-marine environment.

If parts are near the sea, expect them to last less than half as long as those inland, as the salt accelerates corrosion rates dramatically. Even non-ferrous materials such as aluminum and stainless steel can be affected by saltwater if the wrong grade is used.

In general, where corrosion resistance is a requirement, a variety of stainless steel is the best choice, with the specific grade tailored to the type of environment.

Cost, Availability, and Fabrication Considerations for Common Building Metals

In some cases, the best material for the job is the one that solves the problem and is readily available. Many metal types, such as stainless steel, are not readily available in the same shapes and sizes as steel.

In other cases, the first and foremost factor affecting the choice of metal is cost. On the face of it, this decision is easy; mild steel is by far the cheapest metal to buy and manufacture with.

However, if the part has to last a long time and is exposed to any kind of moisture, a coating system is needed, be that paint, plating, or galvanizing. Add this cost to the ongoing maintenance and inspections needed, if the structure is load-bearing, and the decision becomes even more difficult.

Best Applications: Matching Each Building Metal to the Right Structural or Architectural Need

This task is one of the most important in engineering, architecture, and construction. Selecting the correct material can save money and time in the long run, whereas getting the selection wrong can be expensive and even dangerous.

To ensure longevity, safety, and ease of cost effectiveness, remember to consider the following in the decision-making process:

• Strength, toughness, and durability
• Environment (corrosion)
• Manufacturability
• Cost
• Appearance

Choose Metal Supermarkets

Once you’ve made your decision, head over to Metal Supermarkets to browse the wide selection of sizes, shapes, and grades on offer. As well as offering nationwide delivery, you can even have your metal cut to length, saving time and money.

If you haven’t yet decided on a metal, feel free to browse through our other blog articles to get more information on grades, physical properties, and more.